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13 Juli 2012

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Artikel Delta Eko Satria

13 Juli 2012

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Tema Artikel : Broadcasting and Translation
Delta Eko Satria
1001121007

Broadcasting and Translation

            Nowadays, English is an international language which is a main requirement in entering a work field. English Department where belong to State Polytechnics of Padang, has been adapted a vocational high school concept, it makes a differentiate from another university.  In order to full fill a job requirement’s need, English Department concentrates the focus of its major to broadcasting and translation. It chosen because there are many job offers of broadcasting and translation graduation, while the university where available for broadcasting and translation is still limited. Broadcasting major of English Department based on Radio and Television Broadcasting.

            English Department where is focus in creating competence graduation by communication skill education, make it more fit on broadcasting field. Besides broadcasting, the ability, the technique and skill of being a copy writer, costumer relation, presenter, and translator also learned in English department. Lectured by competence lecturer’s staffs that are graduated from famous local and foreign universities, it makes a competence graduation through broadcasting and translation. In addition it also supported by complete supporting tools. State Polytechnics of Padang where is located in west side of Indonesia makes it strategically to develop the communication skill in facing corporation an industrial need.  

A.      Broadcasting

1.    Radio Broadcasting

            Radio broadcasting is a kind of wireless transmission through radio waves to a wide listener. Radio became popular since Second World War, in that time; radio is used to inform current news about world war. Radio has short meaningful sentences, and there is no picture that‘s why it would be ease for listeners to visualize the complete scenario.
Radio broadcast also become a media to deliver business and social interest beside its function in delivering news to listener.

            Radio as business interest media, it means that radio become a promotion media such like a television promotion. The difference is radio deliver it through audio without visual, that is a main point of radio. Radio as business interest media, like a television (TV) advertising put the different ads for different program. For example, in the interactive dialog program the sponsor put their ads about government’s policy or about another town’s information. In entertaining program, the ads also adjust for promotion, such as place promotion, product promotion, etc. Radio as business interests media also become a song’s promotion, by playing a song frequently it make the song become popular inside the town.  Actually, that’s one of song promotion strategy beside in television promotion, because information flow is faster and more up-to-date than television. Radio as business interest media also filter and the ads that should be announced to a broad listener, the aim is to avoid uneducated material for listener. Time by times, Radio as business interest media become the old business media model in modern era beside its function as informing media.

            Radio as social interest media means a radio become a socialize media in informing what the event is happening right now. For example, the International Bicycle Race event TOUR DE SINGKARAK where RRI become an official broadcaster will be held on June 2012. Another example of Radio as social interest media is about a general election where a radio as social media announces it to the listener independently. Another example of radio as social media is a socialization of E-KTP, the government use radio as the media because it reach a broad listener in a town where it is different from television which reach larger scale in informing a news.

                        Radio became a media where the only one media can inform the news; when an earthquake was happen in Padang on September 30^th. Radio became the only one where another media can’t cause by totally blackout in entire town. Radio where suddenly became a people’s attention succeed to reduce people’s panic by making an interactive dialog with Padang’s Mayor. Becoming a radio broadcasting officer is not a quite easy; you have to follow the steps, because it has own specification for a job, for example become a radio journalist you have to be a master of writing skill because you will be demanded to write without any mistake in avoiding a misread or misunderstanding by the announcer, as far as writing is concern, it is the soul of broadcasting system. A radio journalist should consider about the word choice because the intelligence of people are not in the same level. He/she should write it by using the general word, he/she may gloss some terminology in order to educate listener but it must be followed by the definition.

                        A radio journalist should have a nose of news it means he/she should hunting the news for up-to-date information, For this case , a journalist has to go through different newspapers, magazine, TV, etc. the journalist have to be very careful on the happenings both nationally and internationally. The qualities that are required to become  a successful in Radio Journalism includes a good language, he/she extremely has a good communicative powers, he/she should has a good sense of sound and music, not only has a good sense of music but also he/she should has a good sense of humor and good diction. Staying updated is very important in this profession. He/she must be an adaptable person who can look for the news in extreme situation such as in a natural disaster or in a mass demonstration. Sometimes a radio journalist can endanger himself if he is not clever enough in looking for solution.

                        Announcer is the front man to be an ambassador of his/her radios itself. There are many requirements of announcer specification. In a private radio, the owner make some stages of test like Bahasa Indonesia test, English test, communication skill test and the last is interview. An announcer should conduct an interactive dialogue he/ she should consider how to make the dialog doesn’t seem bore for listener. He/she also should be a smart and talkative person who can make another question from the source person’s say. In addition, an announcer shouldn’t have a panic when he/she lost concentration or can’t conduct the dialog. The job prospect of being a radio journalist or radio announcer is still great chance, because the common announcer usually learns independently. There is limited university or institution that focus on radio journalist so that English department whose radio broadcasting basic, should easier to breakthrough in radio broadcasting field.  

2.    Television (TV) Broadcasting

                        Television (TV) Broadcasting is a development of radio broadcasting which following technology development advance. Television broadcasting became popular in Indonesia since reformation era. It uses audio and visual appearance so that become more interesting to watch by audience. People who watch television will get more entertainment from TV program. Like radio, television also becomes business and social interest media. Television as business media is a place to promote a product, for example in World Cup or Euro cup the sponsor will put more ads because the sponsor knew that all of people’s attention is to the television.  Television as business media also become more interesting where the audio and visual appearance on TV about the product so that it will give more attraction to the abroad audience.

            Television as socialize media used for a place for government or any organization in socializing their policy such as socialization about governor election, in this case television as social media should educate the audience about governor election not for provocation media. In entering television broadcasting position, you should well qualify on what position you will take. TV journalist is one job from TV broadcasting; a TV broadcast journalist differs from a print journalist. The report is seen and heard over the channel to a television while over airwaves of radio and rather than written for a newspaper or magazine. The field of broadcasting has adjusted for the jobs; there are also other jobs in the field of broadcast journalism that are behind the camera. The day-to-day life of a broadcast journalist is not suited for those people who are shy. A TV journalist might his/her hours are erratic and the locations of work always shift. The work is best suited for critical thinkers who have a good analytical and stress management skills. It is also a highly competitive business, as there is a certain glamour associated with broadcasting that makes for a big stack of resumes for every available job. Since most journalistic broadcasting happens live on-the-air, the reporter needs to be able to adapt quickly to changing situations, be it inside under studio lights or outside in a snowstorm.

B.       Translation

            Translating and interpreting are the art and science of converting one language to another language. Translators work with written materials and interpreters deal with the spoken word. These roles are requiring a high level of fluency and much vocabulary to capture the original intention for any kind of topic. Translation has many kinds of job; a translator may be a copy editor, freelance, interpreter, proofreading, etc.

            A good copy editor will probably have a degree in English or journalism. Whatever his degree is, the good copy editor will have strong writing skills, but the more important is a copy writer should have good editing skills as well. Good editing who is being able to reword or retell a passage so that it sounds better, but it does not destroy the writer's "mean." Good copy editors also have strong grammar skills. Reporters without journalism or English degrees are prone to make the most ridiculous grammatical errors, and the copy editor has to be on the alert to catch these before they print it. A publication, like a newspaper, should premiering accuracy. If people start writing, they have many grammatical errors and poorly worded sentences, they will start to wonder. When these doubts creep in, a circulation can start to drop. A copy editor helps keep these things from happening. What is a proofreading?? This term comes from the proofs, the final trial print, he/she worked for making corrections before the final printing. These include spaces, punctuation, spelling, alignment, type font and style, and other details. This can involve comparing the final marked copy with the final trail print.The majority of translators and interpreters now work on a freelance translator, since contracting work out is common in private company and even public service. In starting a freelance you’ll need a network in marketing yourself, by learning additional languages can make your chances greatly open, so dig more which are in demand for your specialization area.

            Another thing about translation is about translation criticism; a translator has to cover five topics to criticize a text. Analyze the source language text; When you analyze the text as a translator, you may include a statement of the author’s purpose and type of text. You may assess the quality of the language to determine the translator’s degree of license. Interpret the source language texts; you attempt to understand why he has used these procedures. Your job as a critic is not to correct deliberately, but suggest the reasons of your corrections. Make a detailed comparison of the translation with the original; the critic’s job is to consider how the translator has solved the problems of the source language text and also discuss the translation problems. Evaluate the translation; considering whether the translation is successful in its own terms, you evaluate it by your own standards of referential and pragmatic accuracy. Assess the translation in the target language culture or discipline; In principle, it should be easier to assess a translation than an original text, since it is an imitation. The

            difficulty is not so much in know or recognizing what a good translation is, as in generalizing with the definitions that are little short of truisms, since there are as many types of translations as there are of texts.. A criticism of a translation is different from a review of a translation. Review is comment on new translation, description and evaluation as to whether they are worth reading and buying, whereas criticism is a broader activity, analysis in detail, evaluating old and new translations, assuming that readers know the translation. 

Artikel Ade Rinanda Sukma

13 Juli 2012

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Tema Artikel : Broadcasting and Translation
Ade Rinanda Sukma
1001122003

The concentration subjects learned in English Department

State Polytechnics of Padang

            Have you ever known about State Polytechnics of Padang? Then, do you know what are the majors provided there? Well, I would like to explain it one by one, especially about my major, English Department. State Polytechnics of Padang has seven majors. Those are Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Technology and Information, Accounting, Business Administration, and English Department. English Department is the new major in State Polytechnics of Padang. It has been opened since 2009. English Department students are required to not only be able in using English as the second language, but also in other fields. So, English Department provides two main concentrations for its students, those are broadcasting and translation. Both of them are quiet important nowadays in order to encounter the global era competition. Then, what really are them? I will elaborate it to you.

            First of all, I would like to elaborate you about translation. Translation is an activity that translating some texts from the source language (we know it as SL) to the target language (TL). Translating the text from SL to TL is not enough. It’s because we have to make the relationship among them. It means that we have to have more knowledge about the text that we would like to translate before translating it. Before I am going to explain you about the real process of translation, I would like to tell you about some ways of translating the text. There are seven ways that we can use in translating the text. Those are words-by-words translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. Words-by-words translation is a process of translating the text based on the words used. This way is the easiest way. It’s because we can search the meaning of the words in dictionary directly then, translating it into the TL. It means that this way doesn’t consider about the context of the source text. This way should be done only in the beginning of translation process (pre-translating). We may not use it to translate the whole text. If we do that, our translation will be worse. Next, literal translation is a process of translating the text, which is almost the same with words-by-words translation in its process but, in this way we can modify the words. For example, there is a sentence in English “It’s raining cats and dogs”. If we translate it into Bahasa, it can be “Hujan kucing dan anjing” in words-by-words translation. In literal translation, we can change it like “Anjing dan Kucing tidak dapat berjatuhan dari langit” but, it still doesn’t have any meaning, right? That’s why we can only use this way in the beginning, too. It is the same with words-by-words translation.

Next, faithful translation is a process of translating the text based on the grammatical. It doesn’t consider about the culture or anything. The result of the translation done by this way is so rigid and strange for us. Well, I would like to continue elaborating the ways of doing translation. Semantic translation is more flexible than faithful translation. It’s because semantic translation still considers about esthetic value. For example, I got a sentence “He is a book-worm”. In semantic translation, I can translate it like “Dia seorang kutu buku”. I can’t translate it like “Dia seorang cacing buku”, right? It consists of esthetic. After talking about semantic translation, I am going to elaborate you about free translation. In this way, a translator can translate any text freely. It doesn’t mean that he/she can translate the text as he/she wants. The most important thing in this way is keeping the message delivered to the readers well. Although the source text is only written in short sentences, we can translate it into long sentences in target language. Next, I am going to explain about idiomatic translation. This method is used to deliver the message in source text. This method often uses the easy words, which are used in daily life.  The last one is communicative translation. This way is the perfect way of translating the text. It’s because it uses the familiar and communicative words. So, the readers can understand the messages that want to be delivered by the writer from source language.

Translation is a complete job. It’s because there are some processes that we have to do three steps at least. Firstly, we have to do analysis. Analysis means that we have to analyze the text whether the text is about law, engineering, or etc. Secondly, we have to translate it well. In this step, we have to follow the rule that I have told you before. That is learning more first then searching some theories relate, and translate it. Thirdly, we have to edit it before giving to our boss or customer. In this case, we are required to edit it well. We have to pay attention to each word used, grammatical errors, writing errors, some symbols used, and everything, which is very important in order to make our translation can be better. For example I would like to translate the text about the law in English. So, I may not translate it directly. I am required to learn more theories about law first. I have to find the suitable words used, I have to find some terms relate to the law, I have to find some references about that then, finally I can translate it.

Some people said that translation is an easy job but, the others said that is the difficult job. Firstly, I would like to explain about the reason said by some people who said that translation is an easy job. They believe that it is easy because it can do anywhere and anytime. We don’t have to go to the office every morning.  They are only required to translate the text as well as possible and give the result as soon as possible to the customers. Secondly, I would like to explain about the reason said by some people who said that translation is a difficult job. They believe that it is difficult because translating the text is wasting their time. They have to find the suitable words before using it. The most important reason that they said is translating is a monotonous job. They can’t explore them-selves if they are being translator. In this case, I believe that everything depends on our-selves, right?

In addition, I would like to tell you that there are two major kinds of translator. They are free-translator and sworn translator. Free translator is someone who doesn’t have any company to work. It means that they can accept any jobs from many companies. Then, sworn translator is someone who is working in an institution or board, which is related to some legal documents. They must do a sworn before translating the documents. Those all is about translation. Now, I am going to the next elaboration.

            Secondly, I would like to elaborate you about broadcasting.  What is on your mind if you hear about broadcasting? I believe that you will imagine about radio broadcaster or news reader, don’t you? Both of them are right but, those are just a little parts of broadcasting. Here, I would like to elaborate you what really broadcasting it is. In my opinion, broadcasting is a broad activity, which is not only focus on radio broadcaster or newsreader, but also everyone involved there like editor, script writer, director, producer, and etc. The main purpose of broadcasting is to deliver the messages well to the audiences. It’s like the same with the purpose of translation but in fact, both of them are different. In translation, the messages is only delivered in a writing while in broadcasting, the message is delivered in audio or audio-visual. Now, I can give you the complete definition about broadcasting. Broadcasting is a process of delivering the messages to the audiences or listener by using audio or audio-visual media. In broadcasting, we are not only learning about how to be a good radio broadcaster or how to be the best newsreader but,  we also learn about editing, arranging the schedule, writing the best script, making film, making mini-features, making feature, making advertisements, setting our voice, and everything that some people never wondered about that. It means that we can be a director, broadcaster, producer, writer, and etc.

Broadcasting has two main types. Those are broadcasting in television and broadcasting in radio. Before I am going to explain them both, I would like to explain four aspects involved in this activity. First of all is culture. By having a broadcast station in an area, the cultures can be kept and developed well. Why did I say like that? It’s because in broadcasting, we can show some cultures in our area. So, the local cultures in our residence can be kept. We can imagine if there is no media whether radio or television in our environment, what are the other ways of keeping our cultures? Can it be known by the other people abroad without watching or listen it in television or radio? I don’t think so. For example the recently event held in our area, which is Dragon Boat. I believe that media is giving more contribution in order to make this event can be success. Next, there is a social aspect that is supported by broadcasting. The social aspect here means that the aspiration and the opinion of the society can be delivered freely. For example, there is news about suspect of corruptor. Then, the society can deliver what is on their mind directly in radio or television whether they are disappointed by her/him, they are angry, or they support them, and many others. The next aspect is the economical aspect. It’s quite interesting if we talk about economy, right? I believe that broadcasting can help the economy of many people especially the seller. Don’t you agree with me? I think so. It’s because television or radio can help them to promote their products to the society. So that, the society knows about their product then, they buy it. The last aspect is the political aspect. In this case, the media can also help some people to do the political action. It’s not only bout some people but also for some institution. 

Both of them are not the same. Well, I would like to explain it one by one. Broadcasting in radio is a process of delivering the messages by using the audio media. There are some tools needed in this process. Those are PC (to set up the schedule), microphone (in order to make the voice louder), telephone (it is necessary if we would like to ask the opinion from the listeners), and the most important thing that should be prepared is delivering station and of course a studio. Without delivering station, the listeners can not listen any information from the radio broadcaster, isn’t it? Then, I would like to explain about broadcasting in television. Broadcasting in television is quite difficult than broadcasting in radio. It’s because we need so many tools. Those are video camera (to record), the microphone (to make the voice louder), PC (to edit the result of recording), television, and of course the delivering station. Broadcasting in television is the complex process of broadcasting. Why do I say like that? It’s because there are some steps that we should follow. Firstly, we have to do the recording. After recording, we have to do the editing process. In editing process, we are required to make sure whether the voice of recording can be listened well or the video taken can be watched clearly. The next process is finishing. In this process, we have to check anything from our video. If it is necessary to do dunning, we can do dubbing voice here.

By elaborating those two things, we can compare each others. Firstly, I am going to compare it from its strength of each. When we listen the information in television, we can see who the person is directly while in radio we can know the information directly without doing many preparations because we only need the telephone or cell-phone and delivering station. Secondly, I am going to compare it from its weakness. Television can’t deliver the information as fast as radio because television needs to prepare some heavy tools like video camera but, radio can’t show the person. In conclusion of elaborating them, I believe that we should listen to both of those media. It’s because each of them has the strength and weakness.

            Finally, we can conclude that translation and broadcasting are the best things that should be learned by us. It’s because both of them are related each other in learning English. Translation is the process to apply the theory of writing, while broadcasting is the process of practicing it. So, which one do you choose for taking your concentration is depend on you, right?  

Artikel Anshori Mukti

12 Juli 2012

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Tema Artikel : Broadcasting and Translation
Anshori Mukti
1001122008

BROADCASTING AND TRANSLATION

These two kinds are something that we will learn in the future, and these are very useful for us because we are in the English Department student, so we should know about these.

The authors try to compare between broadcasting and translation, the purpose to make the reader know or understand about broadcasting and translating, hoped the reader can easier to choose what they want to learn much in the next semester, we do not force the reader about what they want to choose but we just describe about broadcasting and translation, we will give the explanation for each and the reader can know or they will feel confidence for what they will choose.

Know the authors try to describe or explain about broadcasting first.

1.            BROADCASTING.

Broadcast is a media given information to the people. Then, Wikipedia said “broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both”.  Then, some opinion about broadcast from library like;

•             Broadcast is the practice of creating audio and video program content and distributing it to the mass audiences of radio, television and Internet media.

•             . Broadcasts usually are intended for recreation, enlightenment, education, experimentation or emergency messaging

Broadcasting a Media to give information, persuade, and entertainment to the public listener. There are two kinds of Broadcasting, radio broadcast and television broadcast. In this article the writer would like explain more detail about radio broadcast. The earliest radio stations were simply radiotelegraphy systems and did not carry audio. The first claimed audio transmission that could be termed a broadcast occurred on Christmas Eve in 1906, and was made by Reginald Fessenden. Whether this broadcast actually took place is disputed.[2] While many early experimenters attempted to create systems similar to radiotelephone devices by which only two parties were meant to communicate, there were others who intended to transmit to larger audiences. Charles Herrold started broadcasting in California in 1909 and was carrying audio by the next year. (Herrold's station eventually became KCBS). For the next decade, radio tinkerers had to build their own radio receivers. In The Hague, the Netherlands, PCGG started broadcasting on November 6, 1919. In 1916, Frank Conrad, an employee for the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, began broadcasting from his Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania garage with the call letters 8XK. Later, the station was moved to the top of the Westinghouse factory building in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Westinghouse relaunched the station as KDKA on November 2, 1920, claiming to be "the world's first commercially licensed radio station".[3] The commercial broadcasting designation came from the type of broadcast license; advertisements did not air until years later. The first licensed broadcast in the United States came from KDKA itself: the results of the Harding/Cox Presidential Election. The Montreal station that became CFCF began broadcast programming on May 20, 1920, and the Detroit station that became WWJ began program broadcasts beginning on August 20, 1920, although neither held a license at the time***.

Radio Argentina began regularly scheduled transmissions from the TeatroColiseo in Buenos Aires on August 27, 1920, making its own priority claim. The station got its license on November 19, 1923. The delay was due to the lack of official Argentine licensing procedures before that date. This station continued regular broadcasting of entertainment and cultural fare for several decades.***

Radio in education soon followed and colleges across the U.S. began adding radio broadcasting courses to their curricula. Curry College in Milton, Massachusetts introduced one of the first broadcasting majors in 1932 when the college teamed up with WLOE in Boston to have students broadcast programs.***

In Padang city we can find many radios,Radio broadcasting commercial and radio broadcast non-commercial (government’s). Radio broadcast commercial such as  Arbest FM, Sushi FM, and many radios. Broadcast non-commercial (government’s) such as radio RRI Padang.

Broadcasting by radio takes several forms. These include AM and FM stations, There are several subtypes, namely commercial broadcasting, non-commercial educational (NCE) public broadcasting and non-profit varieties as well as community radio, student-run campus radio stations and hospital radio stations can be found throughout the world***.

In radio broadcast there are name FM and AM. FM refers to frequency modulation, and occurs on VHF airwaves in the frequency range of 88 to 108 MHz everywhere (except Japan and Russia). Japan uses the 76 to 90 MHz band. Russia has two bands widely used by the Soviet Union, 65.9 to 74 MHz and 87.5 to 108 MHz worldwide standard. FM stations are much more popular since higher sound fidelity and stereo broadcasting became common in this format. FM radio was invented by Edwin H. Armstrong in the 1930s for the specific purpose of overcoming the interference problem of AM radio, to which it is relatively immune. At the same time, greater fidelity was made possible by spacing stations further apart. Instead of 10 kHz apart, as on the AM band in the US, FM channels are 200 kHz (0.2 MHz) apart. In other countries greater spacing is sometimes mandatory, such as in New Zealand, which uses 700 kHz spacing (previously 800 kHz). The improved fidelity made available was far in advance of the audio equipment of the 1940s, but wide inter channel spacing was chosen to take advantage of the noise-suppressing feature of wideband FM***.

The medium-wave band is used worldwide for AM broadcasting. Europe also uses the long wave band. In response to the growing popularity of FM radio stereo radio stations in the late 1980s and early 1990s, some North American stations began broadcasting in AM stereo, though this never gained popularity, and very few receivers were ever sold***.

AM stations were the earliest broadcasting stations to be developed. AM refers to amplitude modulation, a mode of broadcasting radio waves by varying the amplitude of the carrier signal in response to the amplitude of the signal to be transmitted***.

One of the advantages of AM is that its signal can be detected (turned into sound) with simple equipment. If a signal is strong enough, not even a power source is needed; building an unpowered crystal radio receiver was a common childhood project in the early decades of AM broadcasting***.

Component of radio broadcast is sound. Sounds are wade energy cheeped in media elastic to ears. Third element from sounds, it is pitched sound, high sound, and tone sounds. Characteristic of sounds is pitched, high, and tone. Pitched is amplitude and boiler of sounds high sound is frequency and tone is combining both of them.  A radio station created (sound) while a television station creates audio and video. The audio or audio and video are packaged as program, which are transmitted through the air as radio waves from a transmitter to an antenna to a receiver. They also can be transmitted through computer networks locally and internationally. Broadcast stations can be linked in networks to broadcast common programming.  

Journalism is component of broadcaster. TV media professionals and programs will have their own way of dealing with production roles. How a program works will reflect resources and preferences of the people working on a program. This is a guide to how a team works like; story idea, team decides to researcher an idea, and decision to go ahead with the story.

2.            TRANSLATION

In translate, a translator need tools and more knowledge. The tool is dictionary and internet, for knowledge they are need information and experience.  A translation has to know punctuation, grammar and common. What is punctuation? Punctuation is an important aid to understanding sentences. It can be a guide, or marker for the location of sentences. It can be a guide. The comma can be used to separate introductory, beginning, or opening part of sentence. Sentences often begin with some type of introductory, phrase, that connect what will be said in one sentences with what has been already said in a previous sentences or it providers. Some back ground information. Then, parenthetical use, the comma can be use to separate additional information from the main part of the sentences.

There are many differencesies between translation and broadcast. Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalenttarget-language text*. Translation studies is an interdisciplinary containing elements of social science and the humanities, dealing with the systematic study of the theory, the description and the application of translation, interpreting or both these activities**.

Translation is a process to change 2 different language(sourcelanguage) into another language( target language). For example translate English to Indonesian; there are many totally different from English’s culture and Indonesian’s culture. Cultural translation, this is a new area of interest in the field of translation studies, deriving largely from HomiBhabha's reading of Salman Rushdie in The Location of Culture. Cultural translation is a concept used in cultural studies to denote the process of transformation, linguistic or otherwise, in a given culture. The concept uses linguistic translation as a tool or metaphor in analyzing the nature of transformation in cultures. For example, ethnography is considered a translated narrative of an abstract living culture**.

The big trouble of translation is translating the culture, why? Because in the world there are many differencecies country, and not same to each other. So, before we start to translate, a translator has to learn and understand about the culture of target language. For example if a translator want translate English into Indonesian, the translator has to know about the culture of English. Such as thanks giving, Thanks givingis a culture of English and Indonesian has not this culture. So when a translator found this case, they have to explain more detail about thanks giving and make the reader understand it.

Translation is not easy work; there aremanysteps that we have to learn and many theories that we have to know. Such astechnics of translation; vocative function, technic of translation free style, technic of translation multifunctional, technic of translationdialek, and technics of translation two special case. There are so complicated if we no really serious to learn it****.

There are many kind of translation

1.            Back-translation

A "back-translation" is a translation of a translated text back into the language of the original text, made without reference to the original text.

Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But while useful as approximate checks, the results of such reverse operations are not always precisely reliable. Back-translation must in general be less accurate than back-calculation because linguistic symbols (words) are often ambiguous, whereas mathematical symbols are intentionally unequivocal*.

2.            Literary translation

Translation of literary works (novels, short stories, plays, poems, etc.) is considered a literary pursuit in its own right. For example, notable in Canadian literaturespecifically as translators are figures such as Sheila Fischman, Robert Dickson and Linda Gaboriau, and the Governor General's Awards annually present prizes for the best English-to-French and French-to-English literary translations*.

Other writers, among many who have made a name for themselves as literary translators, include VasilyZhukovsky, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński, Vladimir Nabokov, Jorge Luis Borges, Robert Stiller and Haruki Murakami*.

3.            Modern translation

As languages change, texts in an earlier version of a language – either original texts or old translations – may be difficult for more modern readers to understand. Texts may thus be translated into more modern language, called a modern translation (sometimes modern English translation or modernized translation)*.

4.            Poetry

Poetry presents special challenges to translators, given the importance of a text's formal aspects, in addition to its content. In his influential 1959 paper "On Linguistic Aspects of Translation", the Russian-born linguist and semioticianRoman Jakobson went so far as to declare that "poetry by definition [is] untranslatable"*.

In 1974 the American poet James Merrill wrote a poem, "Lost in Translation", which in part explores this idea. The question was also discussed in Douglas Hofstadter's 1997 book, Le Ton beau de Marot; he argues that a good translation of a poem must convey as much as possible of not only its literal meaning but also its form and structure (meter, rhyme or alliteration scheme, etc.*

So, the last whatever that you will choose for these two job that not different, it depends on yourself, you will choose your future and you should work hard for it.

Artikel Rita Agusani

12 Juli 2012

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Tema Artikel : Broadcasting and Translation
Rita Agusani
1001121008

When we talk about translation and broadcasting then we would be hard to explain because the two programs are very important. This is similar to choosing between friends or a girlfriend. Because the translation also has the potential to reach a lot of money and so does the world of broadcasting that has the potential to earn large salaries.

 If a student is asked to choose between the translation and broadcasting, they will be very confused. Why is that? This happens because the translation is a lesson that they are interconnected with a major in the English language. Broadcasting but also has a link between the English languages with our ability to speak in public. But in the broadcast we are more in demand to be more confident in your appearance in front of the camera. Apart from that we also are in demand has the appearance of dancing as the attraction of a radio announcer or presenter on one television station to the listeners or viewers to be happy and love watching hear our program.

Apart from that world of broadcasting is a tremendous opportunity for people who want to find a job after graduating from college. As to which that has been conveyed by the lecturer in the department of English, we can not choose this program is only seen from a more dominant where people choose it. But we must pay attention to where our ability to focus. As an example when we prefer to speak in.

From the above example we can take the conclusion that a broadcaster must Creative to arrange the words or create an atmosphere that makes people become happy. In addition to being a true entertainment, people who enter the world of broadcasting can be a producer, manager, or a playwright. Let us imagine, as a playwright. Person who likes to tell would like to talk, and those who like to talk and would like to think of high more spontaneity in because he's already trained to create words that can attract anyone's attention.

The broadcasting is one opportunity to achieve their goals as well as around the world if we want we can so a reporter who will always be on the field and automatically there is a chance for us to be able to cover any events in the outside world like a campaign that has done by Putra Nababan RCTI one presenter that is extraordinary in creating a comfortable atmosphere for which he interviewed informants. Language he uses in the interview so is elegant because he was able to put everything in place. As an example when he did the interview with the American president, that Barak Obama. He was easily able to interview a president of the United States are very busy and very painstaking in the receiving state guests.

At the time of the interview she asked me a question that sometimes is a bit personal about Obama's campaign, but he can receive a complete answer from the president with easy.
He also often uses a polite word that the president feels comfortable at the time of the interview with him. That's some picture of the man who jumped into the world of broadcasting.
And what about those who choose to work as a translator?
People who worked as a translator will also have a lot of experience. like that have been done by one of my friend, where he was graduated in one of the top universities in Indonesia, after graduating college he tried to tempt fate in the capital, to capitalize translate her reading now she has become a reliable translator, who is now already have good relationships with people in foreign countries such as Thailand, Inggris, and Korean.

Do you know what's going on with her ​​life now? He is now with the easy to commute out to other countries. And abroad he has many friends she can visit at time, sometimes for the costs abroad from his friends who were there. Then what should we do now? We are still not a lot of beginners who will know translation and the broadcasting world. And from the examples that we listen to these two programs are both highly profitable. These two programs are equally makes us interesting to try. then what should we choose for our lives can be as successful as they were?
This is what makes a student majoring in English into confuse. To the extent that they make their status on face book "Which is better between the translation and broadcasting"? In addition, they also create your status on face book, "who chose the translation and who chose broadcasting

This makes some college students majoring in English language to have no grip in the live lecture. They fear that what they choose to deviate from what they have learned over the years. Other than that they are afraid that when they do not finish it later to get a job because of their chosen program is not needed by other companies. so that they are afraid of being unemployed. Then what is the solution for those who still can not choose one program? I personally think that choosing the broadcast majors, it would be better if we choose a program broadcast because employment opportunities in the broadcasting world fatherly so is great. Because, people working in the broadcasting world can still count on your fingers.

But there is also the opinion that the translation is also a big chance in getting a job as a reliable interpreter was little demand. People, the working in the field of translation, work at home only to translate a text. They are also to do work without having a shower first, or should be dressed neatly.

Most of those who worked as a translation can relax at home while at work but still get the money he got. If so which one is better? If we see from the many sessions we will not obtain the solution so it is best to answer what we confuse we can ask our own ability, as it only ourselves who know where we can go. Because if, we know the capabilities we easily obtain a job and automatically whatever form we can certainly do the job properly. A result of it all is that we will get what we desire for this.
There are a number of students majoring in English who choose the translation, an attitude which was at first difficult to accept because they need a process to adjust. But once they get direction from the faculty, then eventually they had to decide what is appropriate they choose. And, in the end only themselves, they are the one who can determine their own lives, trust me. Only one thing can we when the lesson from all this, if you do not ever doubt what was said by the liver because of the honesty of it all is very uncertain.

Artikel Armelia Febriyanti

13 Juli 2012

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Tema Artikel : Broadcasting and Translator
Armelia Febriyanti
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Which want to chooses

Do you know what is translation and broadcasting? Translation is the process to translate text from one language (SL) to other language (TL). For the people the do in translate we can say translator, and do you know how the process translation?

Fist all, translator get new project to translate a text from Indonesia language to English language.  Between translator and customer have treaty about how the price she/he gets for translator, when the translator give the result the job to customer, if the customer not satisfied with result of translator what the translator to do for customer.

So what the translator to do after than? Translator can start her/his job, and a translator must seriously to do her job because if result of her/his job not well, so she unserviceable to translate. What the happen after than? She/ he has not job again, she/he will be people haven’t work, and she/ he don’t has audit fee her/his live. As sure as she/he can not to buy what the daily she /he use.

How about the broadcasting? Broadcasting is very interesting but can work in broadcast we mast have skill in speaking in front of public. Do you know what the process in broadcast? It is very interesting. Fist all; we must have issue the will make in mass media such contain in newspaper or broad in radio or television. And than, the reporter reset about propriety of news such as what the stung out, what the happen, who is the sacrifice, who is eyes witness, and where is wind.

After than, reporter to do interviewer between eyes witness and reporter before that reporter must have schedule about when to do interview, where to do interview and question list for eyes witness. After interview, reporter analysis to do about the information and to do editing for news before to read in front of camera or microphone, it is one of the processes in broadcasting.

What do you think after you know the process in translation and broadcasting? What do you felt? Do you confuse about that? If yes same with me, because now I am very confuse about the program. I am like translation but broadcasting is very interesting. So what I can do now? To get salutation we must ask to someone has now about that, do you know how the can get salutation for me about this problem? Yeah, she is my lecture in campus, she is known about this program as me. So I am question with his, what her opinion about translation and broadcasting. The finally my lecture said” if you want to choose about translation and broadcasting before that you must ask your self and your heat. Because if you confuse, voice of heart the can give your answer about your choosing.

Do you know what my choosing now? I am choosing translation, why because my heart said” if you choose the translation may be you will get your dream and you can happy if you be translator. Do you know, at the time to study about translation in the class, I felt it is my live and I can to do it. My brain can fast work although the situation in this class not good or although I am not fit. For me with is translator can make “my dream comes true?” Do you know what my dream? At the time I am student in elementary school, I want to around world such as I want go Korea, Paris, America, and etc. I want made money hand over fist be translator, because with my money I can make a big house, bring up my parent go to Makah, I can help my family the want accept a helping hand from me, and my be I can make new school or mosque in my village. Honestly, I have more dreams in my live. I believe I can make dream comes true at one day in future. Now I must hard study in order that my dream come true, and I just think about my study not other think. Because be translator is my live in future.

I am chose translate, and I want tell about how my lecture to teach in the class. Do you know how’s name lecture teach translate in my class? She is name Miss Indah and Mr. Edward. They are my good lecture because always give me new knowledge about translation and it is make me understand how to be good translator. They are also making me believe about translate. Thank you for my lecture “now, I believe that.”

At time we study about translation in labor, many student in the class seen boring because they are not have interest to translation, whereas translation it’s very interest and preoccupied, trust me. For me, at the study about translation, I am very happy and do know at study I felt falling in love with this subject. It same with at the time one girl has felt first love to some one and this felt can make you conscious to walk this live. It is my choosing, how about your? Do have choose the program? If you haven’t your program you can ask your heart because your heart will say be true to you. For my friend you must have self confidence if you want be hero, trust me.