Jumat, 13 Juli 2012

Artikel Delta Eko Satria

13 Juli 2012

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Tema Artikel : Broadcasting and Translation
Delta Eko Satria
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Broadcasting and Translation
            Nowadays, English is an international language which is a main requirement in entering a work field. English Department where belong to State Polytechnics of Padang, has been adapted a vocational high school concept, it makes a differentiate from another university.  In order to full fill a job requirement’s need, English Department concentrates the focus of its major to broadcasting and translation. It chosen because there are many job offers of broadcasting and translation graduation, while the university where available for broadcasting and translation is still limited. Broadcasting major of English Department based on Radio and Television Broadcasting.
            English Department where is focus in creating competence graduation by communication skill education, make it more fit on broadcasting field. Besides broadcasting, the ability, the technique and skill of being a copy writer, costumer relation, presenter, and translator also learned in English department. Lectured by competence lecturer’s staffs that are graduated from famous local and foreign universities, it makes a competence graduation through broadcasting and translation. In addition it also supported by complete supporting tools. State Polytechnics of Padang where is located in west side of Indonesia makes it strategically to develop the communication skill in facing corporation an industrial need.  
A.      Broadcasting

1.    Radio Broadcasting

            Radio broadcasting is a kind of wireless transmission through radio waves to a wide listener. Radio became popular since Second World War, in that time; radio is used to inform current news about world war. Radio has short meaningful sentences, and there is no picture that‘s why it would be ease for listeners to visualize the complete scenario.
Radio broadcast also become a media to deliver business and social interest beside its function in delivering news to listener.
            Radio as business interest media, it means that radio become a promotion media such like a television promotion. The difference is radio deliver it through audio without visual, that is a main point of radio. Radio as business interest media, like a television (TV) advertising put the different ads for different program. For example, in the interactive dialog program the sponsor put their ads about government’s policy or about another town’s information. In entertaining program, the ads also adjust for promotion, such as place promotion, product promotion, etc. Radio as business interests media also become a song’s promotion, by playing a song frequently it make the song become popular inside the town.  Actually, that’s one of song promotion strategy beside in television promotion, because information flow is faster and more up-to-date than television. Radio as business interest media also filter and the ads that should be announced to a broad listener, the aim is to avoid uneducated material for listener. Time by times, Radio as business interest media become the old business media model in modern era beside its function as informing media.
            Radio as social interest media means a radio become a socialize media in informing what the event is happening right now. For example, the International Bicycle Race event TOUR DE SINGKARAK where RRI become an official broadcaster will be held on June 2012. Another example of Radio as social interest media is about a general election where a radio as social media announces it to the listener independently. Another example of radio as social media is a socialization of E-KTP, the government use radio as the media because it reach a broad listener in a town where it is different from television which reach larger scale in informing a news.
                        Radio became a media where the only one media can inform the news; when an earthquake was happen in Padang on September 30th. Radio became the only one where another media can’t cause by totally blackout in entire town. Radio where suddenly became a people’s attention succeed to reduce people’s panic by making an interactive dialog with Padang’s Mayor. Becoming a radio broadcasting officer is not a quite easy; you have to follow the steps, because it has own specification for a job, for example become a radio journalist you have to be a master of writing skill because you will be demanded to write without any mistake in avoiding a misread or misunderstanding by the announcer, as far as writing is concern, it is the soul of broadcasting system. A radio journalist should consider about the word choice because the intelligence of people are not in the same level. He/she should write it by using the general word, he/she may gloss some terminology in order to educate listener but it must be followed by the definition.
                        A radio journalist should have a nose of news it means he/she should hunting the news for up-to-date information, For this case , a journalist has to go through different newspapers, magazine, TV, etc. the journalist have to be very careful on the happenings both nationally and internationally. The qualities that are required to become  a successful in Radio Journalism includes a good language, he/she extremely has a good communicative powers, he/she should has a good sense of sound and music, not only has a good sense of music but also he/she should has a good sense of humor and good diction. Staying updated is very important in this profession. He/she must be an adaptable person who can look for the news in extreme situation such as in a natural disaster or in a mass demonstration. Sometimes a radio journalist can endanger himself if he is not clever enough in looking for solution.
                        Announcer is the front man to be an ambassador of his/her radios itself. There are many requirements of announcer specification. In a private radio, the owner make some stages of test like Bahasa Indonesia test, English test, communication skill test and the last is interview. An announcer should conduct an interactive dialogue he/ she should consider how to make the dialog doesn’t seem bore for listener. He/she also should be a smart and talkative person who can make another question from the source person’s say. In addition, an announcer shouldn’t have a panic when he/she lost concentration or can’t conduct the dialog. The job prospect of being a radio journalist or radio announcer is still great chance, because the common announcer usually learns independently. There is limited university or institution that focus on radio journalist so that English department whose radio broadcasting basic, should easier to breakthrough in radio broadcasting field.  

2.    Television (TV) Broadcasting

                        Television (TV) Broadcasting is a development of radio broadcasting which following technology development advance. Television broadcasting became popular in Indonesia since reformation era. It uses audio and visual appearance so that become more interesting to watch by audience. People who watch television will get more entertainment from TV program. Like radio, television also becomes business and social interest media. Television as business media is a place to promote a product, for example in World Cup or Euro cup the sponsor will put more ads because the sponsor knew that all of people’s attention is to the television.  Television as business media also become more interesting where the audio and visual appearance on TV about the product so that it will give more attraction to the abroad audience.
            Television as socialize media used for a place for government or any organization in socializing their policy such as socialization about governor election, in this case television as social media should educate the audience about governor election not for provocation media. In entering television broadcasting position, you should well qualify on what position you will take. TV journalist is one job from TV broadcasting; a TV broadcast journalist differs from a print journalist. The report is seen and heard over the channel to a television while over airwaves of radio and rather than written for a newspaper or magazine. The field of broadcasting has adjusted for the jobs; there are also other jobs in the field of broadcast journalism that are behind the camera. The day-to-day life of a broadcast journalist is not suited for those people who are shy. A TV journalist might his/her hours are erratic and the locations of work always shift. The work is best suited for critical thinkers who have a good analytical and stress management skills. It is also a highly competitive business, as there is a certain glamour associated with broadcasting that makes for a big stack of resumes for every available job. Since most journalistic broadcasting happens live on-the-air, the reporter needs to be able to adapt quickly to changing situations, be it inside under studio lights or outside in a snowstorm.





B.       Translation
            Translating and interpreting are the art and science of converting one language to another language. Translators work with written materials and interpreters deal with the spoken word. These roles are requiring a high level of fluency and much vocabulary to capture the original intention for any kind of topic. Translation has many kinds of job; a translator may be a copy editor, freelance, interpreter, proofreading, etc.
            A good copy editor will probably have a degree in English or journalism. Whatever his degree is, the good copy editor will have strong writing skills, but the more important is a copy writer should have good editing skills as well. Good editing who is being able to reword or retell a passage so that it sounds better, but it does not destroy the writer's "mean." Good copy editors also have strong grammar skills. Reporters without journalism or English degrees are prone to make the most ridiculous grammatical errors, and the copy editor has to be on the alert to catch these before they print it. A publication, like a newspaper, should premiering accuracy. If people start writing, they have many grammatical errors and poorly worded sentences, they will start to wonder. When these doubts creep in, a circulation can start to drop. A copy editor helps keep these things from happening. What is a proofreading?? This term comes from the proofs, the final trial print, he/she worked for making corrections before the final printing. These include spaces, punctuation, spelling, alignment, type font and style, and other details. This can involve comparing the final marked copy with the final trail print.The majority of translators and interpreters now work on a freelance translator, since contracting work out is common in private company and even public service. In starting a freelance you’ll need a network in marketing yourself, by learning additional languages can make your chances greatly open, so dig more which are in demand for your specialization area.
            Another thing about translation is about translation criticism; a translator has to cover five topics to criticize a text. Analyze the source language text; When you analyze the text as a translator, you may include a statement of the author’s purpose and type of text. You may assess the quality of the language to determine the translator’s degree of license. Interpret the source language texts; you attempt to understand why he has used these procedures. Your job as a critic is not to correct deliberately, but suggest the reasons of your corrections. Make a detailed comparison of the translation with the original; the critic’s job is to consider how the translator has solved the problems of the source language text and also discuss the translation problems. Evaluate the translation; considering whether the translation is successful in its own terms, you evaluate it by your own standards of referential and pragmatic accuracy. Assess the translation in the target language culture or discipline; In principle, it should be easier to assess a translation than an original text, since it is an imitation. The
            difficulty is not so much in know or recognizing what a good translation is, as in generalizing with the definitions that are little short of truisms, since there are as many types of translations as there are of texts.. A criticism of a translation is different from a review of a translation. Review is comment on new translation, description and evaluation as to whether they are worth reading and buying, whereas criticism is a broader activity, analysis in detail, evaluating old and new translations, assuming that readers know the translation. 

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