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Tema Artikel : Broadcasting and Translation
Jaya Putra Purnama
1001122005
Broadcasting
and translation
Broadcasting is To transmit a radio or
television program for public or general use.
There are two types of
broadcasting
1.
Recorded
broadcasts
2.
Live
Broadcasts
We can
classified broadcast into two types; Recorded and live broadcast. The
regulation of TV broadcast is started in 1937. However, some live events like sports television can include some of the aspects
including slow-motion clips of important goals/hits, etc. In between the live television telecast. Radio network is started in
the 1930s and 1940 in america. Disadvantage of recording first is that the
public may know the outcome of an event from another source, which may be a
"spoiler". In addition,
prerecording prevents live radio announcers
from deviating from an officially approved script,
as occurred with propaganda broadcasts from Germany in
the 1940s and with Radio Moscow in the 1980s. Careers in
broadcasting can be exciting, unique and rewarding. As with all forms of
business, broadcasters seek to recruit qualified individuals who want to learn
and grow with the changes of the industry.
There
are several job that can we do in radio broadcasting like;
ACCOUNT
EXECUTIVE - The person who sells advertising time and works closely with
businesses to help them market themselves to the station's listeners or
viewers.
ANNOUNCER
- Announcers are a radio station's "voice" and are often the people
with whom the public identifies. This person introduces programs and music,
reads commercial copy and public service announcements, and is involved in the
overall public presentation of the station.
CHIEF
ENGINEER - The chief engineer is responsible for the technology necessary to
put the station's broadcast on the air. The engineer works to maintain
broadcasting capabilities and provide quick solutions to problems that may
arise with the transmitter, tower, satellite receiver and other related
equipment.
COPY
WRITER - This staff member writes commercial and promotional copy in support of
the station's sales, marketing and promotion efforts.
GENERAL
MANAGER - The person responsible for the overall operation of a station. This
position requires business knowledge, leadership ability and a technical
understanding of how a station operates.
GENERAL
SALES MANAGER - This person hires and supervises the sales staff, reviews
programming for the best sales opportunities, develops sales plans and goals,
oversees billing, studies and understands the station's market and approves all
sales promotion campaigns. Some stations have multiple levels of sales
managers, including National, Regional and Local sales managers who focus on
various aspects of sales.
MAINTENANCE
ENGINEER - The maintenance engineer installs and performs preventive
maintenance on the station's control consoles, boards, recording equipment,
microphones, and a wide variety of other station equipment and electronic
systems.
MUSIC
DIRECTOR - This person manages the station's music library and works with the
program director in selecting new recordings to be played as they are submitted
by record companies.
NEWS
DIRECTOR - The news director runs the news department. The news director
assigns stories to reporters on staff, monitors the wire service and is
involved with identifying the important news issues within the community.
PRODUCTION
DIRECTOR - The production manager assigns announcers, schedules studios,
arranges recording sessions, produces commercials, and directs programs.
PROMOTION
DIRECTOR - This position promotes the station's image, programs and activities.
The promotion director works closely with the program director to create on-air
promotions and also with the sales department in securing new clients and
maintaining current advertisers.
PROGRAM
DIRECTOR - Responsible for the entire on-air product, the PD governs the sound
of the stations. With control over production, talent, work schedules, and
program schedules, the PD's programming objectives support the goals of the
general manager and the general sales manager.
RECEPTIONIST
- The duties of the receptionist vary according to the size of the station.
This position is ideal for understanding all the aspects of how a station
operates.
SALES
ASSISTANT - This position offers support to the sales staff and managers by
handling much of the office work, including drafting proposals, which allows
the sales staff to focus on meeting with clients and developing business.
SPORTS DIRECTOR
- This position is similar to the news director position. Sports directors
often handle the play-by-play coverage of local sporting events. Stations that
do a lot of sports sometimes hire a "color" announcer to complement
the play-by-play talent.
TRAFFIC
DIRECTOR -
Collects data from other departments in order to prepare a minute-by-minute
schedule for the broadcast day. The traffic person is the daily link between
the sales department and programming department, keeping up-to-date commercial
time availability. Television Jobs
ACCOUNT
EXECUTIVE - The representative of the station who solicits advertising from
commercial business. Account executives develop working relationships with
local business leaders and with local advertising agencies and client representatives.
ASSIGNMENT
EDITOR - This person is responsible for the gathering of the news that goes
into a program. Usually a team effort, they set news coverage priorities,
organize the logistics of camera crews and reporters, and arrange for the various
satellite feeds and live on-scene coverage.
BUSINESS
MANAGER - Responsible for all financial transactions. Business managers are
generally expected to have extensive professional background in accounting and
financial management.
CHIEF
ENGINEER - Heads the technical staff. The chief engineer is the senior
technical person at the station.
COMMUNITY
RELATIONS DIRECTOR - This person plans, coordinates and executes a station's
services and programs that are developed to respond to the needs of the community.
CONTINUITY
WRITER - The continuity person writes some of the local commercial and
promotional copy. Must be detail-orientated and have skills in computer and
word-processor operation.
DIRECTOR
- The person responsible for the actual on-line execution of a program. Serves
as producers for entire programs or for the production of portions of larger
programs.
ELECTRONIC
NEWS GATHERING (ENG) - They work alongside reporters to capture events on tape
and to produce live, on-scene coverage of breaking news stories. In addition to
operating the video camera and sound, ENG crews must also operate sophisticated
microwave and satellite transmission equipment to "feed" programming
or news segments back to the studio from remote locations.
ENG
EDITOR - The person who edits tape taken by the ENG crew. ENG editors work with
producers, reporters and writers to build news packages from the raw tape sent
in from the field or gathered on feeds from networks or other sources.
EXECUTIVE
PRODUCER - This position coordinates the content and presentation of broadcasts
under the direction of the managing editor and news director.
GENERAL
MANAGER - The person responsible for every aspect of a station's operation.
This position requires business knowledge, leadership ability and a technical
understanding of how a station operates.
GENERAL
SALES MANAGER - The person responsible for producing all advertising revenues
for a station and for hiring, training and supervising the station's sales
staff. The general sales manager must also be adept at understanding the
business climate in the community and must have a strong knowledge of the
interests of the station audience. Some stations have multiple levels of sales
managers, including National, Regional and Local sales managers who focus on
various aspects of sales.
GRAPHIC
ARTIST - Supports all production activities. Computer skills are particularly
valuable, as is a background in art and design and radio-television production.
MAINTENANCE
ENGINEERS - Responsible for the repair, maintenance, installation and
modification of all of the electronic equipment in the station.
MASTER
CONTROL/VIDEOTAPE ENGINEER - Responsible for operating the videotape recording
and playback equipment for live programs and during commercial breaks in network
and taped shows.
NEWS
ANCHOR - The most visible members of the news staff. These are the people that
appear as the "up front" personalities on local newscasts. Ideally,
the news anchor is a complete journalist, familiar with reporting, on-scene
live coverage and skilled at writing, and in some cases, producing news
packages.
NEWS
DIRECTOR - The news director supervises the news department. Must understand
budgeting, personnel management and the technical aspects of television. In
addition to having a firm understanding of the community service role of
broadcast journalism, he or she must also have solid news judgment - the
ability to determine which stories are most informative and of the greatest
value to the local viewer.
NEWS
REPORTERS - The key "front-line" people in the news department. They
are on-the-scene at every kind of event. Local news reporters must be excellent
writers, capable of working quickly and accurately to sum up the key elements
of a news story and make it understandable and relevant to the audience.
NEWS
WRITER - The writer's responsibilities may include monitoring news feeds,
preparing news packages for voicing by anchors or reporters, researching story
information, booking guests for live interviews on news shows and producing
segments of news programs. Exceptional writing skills are a must.
PRODUCER
- This person develops and organizes local programs and is responsible for
scripting, story development, booking of guests and overseeing field production
and editing.
PRODUCTION
ASSISTANT - A production assistant works with all production personnel, helping
where necessary.
PRODUCTION
MANAGER - This position is responsible for all of the details required in the
actual production of local programming. The production manager supervised
producers, directors, floor directors and stage managers.
PROGRAM
DIRECTOR - The manager of the programming department. The program director
works closely with the general manager and sales manager to determine and
direct the station's policies and to plan the most effective program schedule
for the station.
PROMOTIONS
DIRECTOR - The promotions director's job is to promote the station's image,
programs and activities. They conceive and execute a variety of written and
taped station promotion spots, secure station advertising in other media, and
in conjunction with the sales department, develop ways to keep current viewers
and advertisers and to attract new ones.
RECEPTIONIST
- The duties of the receptionist vary according to the size of the station.
This position is ideal for understanding all the aspects of how a station
operates.
STAGE
MANAGER - The director's representative on the studio floor and at the site of
any live broadcast.
STATION
MANAGER - The chief operating officer of the station. The station manager must
have effective personnel management skills and a thorough knowledge of all
aspects of broadcast operation.
STUDIO
ENGINEERS - Responsible for operating all of the equipment necessary for the
production of a program. This includes the studio cameras, the audio console,
studio lighting, the video switcher, and in some stations, the character
generator and the electronic still-storage graphics display equipment.
Translation
Translation
is mean that we translate the doucument or file fom the source languge into the
target language.
There
are several type of translation that we can lean and study about it if we want
to have much experience in there like;
1.
Administrative
translation is translation of administrative texts. Although
administrative has a very broad meaning, in terms of translation it refers to
common texts used within businesses and organisations that are used in day to
day management. It can also be stretched to cover texts with similar functions
in government.
2.
Commercial translation
is Commercial translation or business translation covers any
sort of document used in the business world such as correspondence, company
accounts, tender documents, reports, etc. Commercial translations require
specialiast translators with knowledge of terminology used in the business
world.
3. Computer translation is Not to be confused with CAT, computer assisted translations, which
refer to translations carried out by software. Computer translation is the
translation of anything to do with computers such as software, manuals, help
files, etc.
4.
Economic
translation is Similar to commercial or business
translation, economic translation is simply a more specific term used for the
translation of documents relating to the field of economics. Such texts are
usually a lot more academic in nature.
5.
Financial translation is the
translation of texts of a financial nature. Anything from banking to asset
management to stocks and bonds could be covered
6.
A general translation is the
simplest of translations. A general text means that the language used is not
high level and to a certain extent could be in layman's terms. There is no
specific or technical terminology used. Most translations carried out fall
under this category.
And
etc
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